The courtyard is surrounded by the offices of the administrative department of the Court on the first floor and the Justices' chambers on the second floor. It is designed to resemble the courtyard of the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem. There is also a triple arch gate which resembles the gates of Jerusalem during the Roman period. The Courtyard is constructed from stone and is bisected by a channel of water. The stone quarried from the earth and the water reflecting the sky represent the contrasting biblical symbols of truth and justice: "Truth will spring up from the earth and justice will be reflected from the skies (Psalms 85:11). The water flows slowly through the narrow channel. Water traditionally symbolizes life, wisdom, purity and righteousness. The Courtyard expresses the motifs of the building:

Old versus new: the modern Courtyard is designed in a minimalist and abstract style, but it mimics an older architectural style, the wayside inn (khan) common in Palestine during the Muslim period. It is also a reminder of the inner courtyards with wells common in the Mea Shearim Quarter and of buildings from the Mandate Period in Jerusalem. The courtyard which symbolizes the center of life represents the fact that this area of the building is the center of the action. Most of the legal action at the Court occurs around this courtyard, in the Justices’ Chambers and in the administrative departments supporting their work. The whole yard is covered in bright stone from Mitzpe Ramon. The sense of a dry and desert-like place symbolizes the exodus of the Jewish people from the desert.

Straight versus circular: circular lines appear on the arches and in the windows on the first story of the courtyard, whereas the windows of the upper story, containing the Justices’ Chambers, are rectangular. The water channel begins as a circle and flows in a straight line across the courtyard. The flow of water along the straight channel symbolizes the process of walking on the path of truth and path of righteousness and symbolizes the verse from Amos: "But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream" (Amos 5:24).      

Interior versus exterior: a person standing in the courtyard is at the heart of the building. He is standing in open area under the open skies.

The Courts Museum is located at the southern edge of the courtyard. It depicts the development of the legal system in the State of Israel and the influences of the Ottoman and Mandate periods. The Museum presents various exhibitions as well as items connected with precedential rulings of the Supreme Court.